What Is Photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some microorganisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy.
Capturing light
In plants, chlorophyll and other pigments absorb light inside structures called chloroplasts. This energy begins a series of reactions that move electrons and produce energy-carrying molecules.
Making sugars
Photosynthetic reactions use the captured energy to combine carbon dioxide with hydrogen from water. The resulting compounds can be used to build sugars and other molecules that support growth, repair, and reproduction.
Oxygen release
Water is split during the light-dependent reactions, and oxygen is released as a byproduct. That oxygen enters the atmosphere or surrounding water and supports aerobic life.
Factors that affect the process
Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, water availability, and leaf health can influence the rate of photosynthesis. More of one resource does not always increase the rate if another factor is limiting.
Why photosynthesis matters
Photosynthesis supports food webs by storing energy in organic matter. It also helps regulate the movement of carbon through ecosystems and contributes oxygen to Earth’s atmosphere.
Conclusion
Photosynthesis connects light, water, carbon dioxide, and living systems. It is a foundation of most terrestrial ecosystems and many aquatic food webs.